Municipalities in Niger have state-run libraries, and several private organizations maintain libraries. The National Museum of Niger, in Niamey, includes both a library and a museum. Islamic determines from North Africa have had a powerful effect on the culture of Niger.

Niger forms part of the large Sahelian cultural region of western Africa. Although the determine of Islam is predominant, pre-Islamic cultural traditions are also strong and omnipresent. Since freedom, greater interest has been shown in the nation's cultural heritage, particularly with respect to orthodox architecture, handicrafts, dances, and music. With the assistance of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, a regional centre for the collection of oral traditions has been accomplished at Niamey. An institution prominent in cultural life is the National Museum at Niamey.