Government: Two autonomous republics, Abkhazian Autonomous Republic and Ajarian Autonomous Republic; one autonomous region, South Ossetian Autonomous Region. Strong administrator (head of state, who is also chairman of parliament) with considerable emergency powers in civil war time of 1992-93. Cabinet of Ministers selected by head of state; power of prime minister secondary to that of head of state. Unicameral parliament elects head of state and has legislative power, but is plagued by disorder and fragmentation. Judicial branch, weak in communist era, under reform in early 1990s.

Politics: Twenty-six parties described in parliament in 1993, of which most seats held by Peace Bloc, October 11 Bloc, Unity Bloc, Green Party, and National Democratic Party. Shifting coalitions back individual programs. Reform slowed by determine of former communists, gradually dispersing. Union of Citizens of Georgia formed in November 1993 to support Eduard Shevardnadze government programs. Shevardnadze remained most popular politician in late 1994.

Foreign Relations: In 1992-94 wide diplomatic campaign to establish relations with Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) nations, other neighbors, and the West after isolation created by Zviad Gamsakhurdia government in 1991. Balance maintained between warring Armenia and Azerbaijan. Joined CIS in October 1993 after refusing to do so at first, to ensure Russian aid in ending civil war.