The population of Namibia at the 1981 census was 1,033,196. The 2001 around population was 1,797,677, giving the nation an overall population density of 2 persons per sq km (6 per sq mi). The only city of remarkable size is Windhoek (population, 1997 estimate, 169,000). Only 40 % of the people were classified as urban residents in 1999. The population is around to be growing at 1.4 % a year. Life expectancy at birth is 41 years.